Conventional Upper (27)

Conventional Upper Front

Conventional Upper Back

Labels | Related Segment | Anatomical Location | Placement Description |
---|---|---|---|
LAH
RAH | Head | Left Anterior Head
Right Anterior Head | Place the markers on the left and right side of the fore head. The respective location is shown in the Skeleton figure. |
LPH
RPH | Head | Left Posterior head
Right Posterior head
| Place the markers on the left and right side of the head about 2 cm behind the ear. The respective location is shown in the Skeleton figure. |
Labels | Related Segment | Anatomical Location | Additional Description |
---|---|---|---|
Thorax | Sternum Jugular Notch | Top most section of the sternum. Place the marker on the center of the two clavicle bones. | |
Thorax | Sternum Xiphoid Process | Lowest section of the sternum. Place the marker 1-2 cm above where bottom of the two rib cages conjoin. | |
Thorax | Cervical Spine Vertebra 7 | The 7th cervical spine vertebra is the largest vertebra located at the most inferior region of the neck. This section usually protrudes to the posterior side and can be palpated. | |
Thorax | Thoracic Spine Vertebra 2 | The second thoracic spine vertebra is located three spine levels below the C7 vertebra. Which is located approximately at same height with shoulder joint markers. | |
Thorax | Thoracic Spine Vertebra 7 | Usually located at the center of the thoracic spinal column. |
Labels | Related Segment | Anatomical Location | Additional Description |
---|---|---|---|
Pelvis | Left Iliac Anterior Spine
Right Iliac Anterior Spine | Place the marker on the protruding bones located on the left and right side of the pelvis front. | |
Pelvis | Left Iliac Posterior Spine
Right Iliac Posterior Spine | Place each marker on the two dimples which can be palpated near the spine right above the hips. |
Note that the waist markers are the key markers in modeling the pelvis bone, which is the major segment governing the other subsequent Skeleton segments.
Labels | Related Segment | Anatomical Location | Placement Description |
---|---|---|---|
Thorax | Left Clavicle-Acromion Joint
Right Clavicle-Acromion Joint | Ask the subject to stretch both arms towards the side (T-pose), then palpate top of each shoulder for the protruding bone. The prominence is usually located at the end of the corresponding clavicle bone just before where the upper arm starts. | |
LHLE
RHLE | Upper Arm | Left Humerus Lateral Epicondyle
Right Humerus Lateral Epicondyle | Placed the markers on the lateral side of the elbow axis. Flex and extend the arm few times to find where elbow axis is located. |
LUA
RUA | Upper Arm | Left Upper Arm
Right Upper Arm | Ask the subject to stand in T-pose while placing the marker. Palpate to find the groove between the triceps muscles where skin movements are relatively minimal. |
Not depicted in diagram | Forearm | Left Lower Arm
Right Lower Arm | Place marker along the Ulna bone along the same line as the LUSP/RUSP marker |
Labels | Related Segment | Anatomical Location | Placement Description |
---|---|---|---|
LHM2
RHM2 | Hand | Left Hand Second metatarsal
Right Hand Second metatarsal | Place the marker slight below the knuckle of the index finger. |
LUSP
RUSP | Hand | Left Ulna Styloid Process
Right Ulna Styloid Process | Place the marker on the lateral side of the wrist axis. |
LRSP
RRSP | Hand | Left Radius Styloid Process
Right Radius Styloid Process | Place the marker on the medial side of the wrist axis. |
For best results, place the three hand markers so the created shape is asymmetrical (avoid isosceles shape) and unique from the marker arrangements on the other hand. Since the wrist markers have defined placement — along the wrist axis — introduce small amount of positional offset to the LHM2 and RHM2 markers.
- 1.Leardini, A., Biagi, F., Merlo, A., Belvedere, C., Benedetti, M.G., 2011. Multi-segment trunk kinematics during locomotion and elementary exercises. Clin. Biomech. 26, 562-571.
- 2.Leardini, A., Sawacha, Z., Paolini, G., Ingrosso, S., Nativo, R., Benedetti, M.G., 2007. A new anatomically based protocol for gait analysis in children. Gait Posture 26. 560-571.
Last modified 9mo ago