Reconstruction and 2D Mode
This page provides an explanation on some of the settings that affect how the 3D tracking data is obtained. Most of the related settings can be found under the Live Pipeline tab in the Application settings. A basic understanding of this process will allow you to fully utilize Motive for analyzing and optimizing captured 3D tracking data. With that being said, we do not recommend changing these settings as the default settings should work well for most tracking applications.
Reconstruction: Basic Concept
THR setting under camera properties
Reconstruction is a process of deriving 3D points from 2D coordinates obtained by captured camera images. When multiple synchronized images are captured, 2D centroid locations of detected marker reflections are triangulated on each captured frame and processed through the solver pipeline in order to be tracked. This process involves trajectorization of detected 3D markers within the calibrated capture volume and the booting process for the tracking of defined assets.
For real-time tracking in Live mode, the settings for this pipeline can be configured from the Live-Pipeline tab in the Application Settings. For post-processing recorded files in Edit mode, the solver settings can be accessed under corresponding Take properties. Note that optimal configurations may vary depending on capture applications and environmental conditions, but for most common applications, default settings should work well.
In this page, we will focus on the Live Pipeline settings and the Camera Settings, which are the key settings that have direct effects on the reconstruction outcome.
Camera Settings
Camera settings can be configured under the Devices pane. In general, the overall quality of 3D reconstructions is affected by the quality of captured camera images. For this reason, the camera lens must be focused on the tracking volume, and the settings should be configured so that the markers are clearly visible in each camera view. Thus, the camera settings, such as camera exposure and IR intensity values, must always be checked and optimized in each setup. The following sections highlight additional settings that are directly related to 3D reconstruction.
Enable Reconstruction
Tracking mode vs. Reference mode: Only the cameras that are configured in the tracking mode (Object or Precision) will contribute to reconstructions. Cameras in the reference mode (MJPEG or Grayscale) will NOT contribute to reconstructions. See Camera Video Types page for more information.
To oscillate between camera video types in Motive, click the camera video type icon under Mode in the Devices pane.
Threshold Setting
The THR setting is located in the camera properties in Motive. When cameras are set to tracking mode, only the pixels with brightness values greater than the configured threshold setting are captured and processed. The pixels brighter than the threshold are referred to as thresholded pixels, and all other pixels that do not satisfy the brightness get filtered out. Only the clusters of thresholded pixels are then filtered through the 2D Object Filter to be potentially considered as marker reflections.
We do not recommend lowering the THR value (default:200) for the cameras since lowering THR settings can introduce false reconstructions and noise in the data.
To inspect brightness values of the pixels, set the Pixel Inspection to true under the View tab in the Application Settings.
Live Pipeline Settings
The Live Pipeline settings under application settings control the tracking quality in Motive. When a camera system captures multiple synchronized 2D frames, the images are processed through two main stages before getting reconstructed into 3D tracking. The first filter is on the camera hardware level and the other filter is on the software level, and both of them are important in deciding which 2D reflections get identified as marker reflections and be reconstructed into 3D data. Adjust these settings to optimize the 3D data acquisition in both live-reconstruction and post-processing reconstruction of capture data.
Camera Filter - Software
When a frame of image is captured by a camera, the 2D camera filter is applied. This filter works by judging on the sizes and shapes of the detected reflections or IR illuminations, and it determines which ones can be accepted as markers. Please note that the camera filter settings can be configured in Live mode only because this filter is applied at the hardware level when the 2D frames are first captured. Thus, you will not be able to modify these settings on a recorded Take as the 2D data has already been filtered and saved; however, when needed, you can increase the threshold on the filtered 2D data and perform post-processing reconstruction to recalculate 3D data from the 2D data.
Min/Max Thresholded Pixels
The Min/Max Thresholded Pixels settings determine lower and upper boundaries of the size filter. Only reflections with pixel counts within the boundaries will be considered as marker reflections, and any other reflections below or above the defined boundary will be filtered out. Thus, it is important to assign appropriate values to the minimum and maximum thresholded pixel settings.
For example, in a close-up capture application, marker reflections appear bigger on camera's view. In this case, you may want to lower the maximum threshold value to allow reflections with more thresholded pixels to be considered as marker reflections. For common applications, however, the default range should work fine.
Circularity
In addition to the size filter, the 2D Object Filter also identifies marker reflections based on their shape; specifically, the roundness. It assumes that all marker reflections have circular shapes and filters out all non-circular reflections detected by each camera. The allowable circularity value is defined under the Marker Circularity settings in the Reconstruction pane. The valid range is between 0 and 1, with 0 being completely flat and 1 being perfectly round. Only reflections with circularity values bigger than the defined threshold will be considered as marker reflections.
Object mode vs. Precision Mode
The Object Mode and Precision Mode deliver slightly different data to the host PC. In the object mode, cameras capture 2D centroid location, size, and roundness of markers and deliver to the host PC. In precision mode, cameras send the pixel data that would have been used by object mode to Motive for processing. Then, this region is delivered to the host PC for additional processing to determine the centroid location, size, and roundness of the reflections. Read more about Video Types.
Marker Rays
After the 2D camera filter has been applied, each of the 2D centroids captured by each camera forms a marker ray, which is basically a 3D vector ray that connects a detected centroid to a 3D coordinate in a capture volume; from each calibrated camera. When a minimum required number of rays, as defined in the Minimum Rays) converge and intersect within the allowable maximum offset distance (defined by 3D Threshold settings) trajectorization of a 3D marker occurs. Trajectorization is a process of using 2D data to calculate respective 3D marker trajectories in Motive.
Tracked Ray (Green)
Tracked rays are marker rays that represent detected 2D centroids that are contributing to 3D reconstructions within the volume. Tracked Rays will be visible only when reconstructions are selected from the viewport.
Untracked Ray (Red)
An untracked ray is a marker ray that fails to contribute to a reconstruction of a 3D point. Untracked rays occurs when reconstruction requirements, usually the ray count or the max residuals, are not met.
Software Filter: Solver Settings
Motive processes markers rays with the camera calibration to reconstruct respective markers, and the solver settings determine how 2D data gets trajectories and solved into 3D data for tracking the Rigid Bodies and/or Skeletons. The solver not only tracks from the marker rays but additionally utilizes pre-defined asset definitions to provide high-quality tracking. The default solver settings work for most tracking applications, and the users should not need to modify these settings. With that being said, some of the basic settings which can be modified are summarized below.
Minimum Rays to Start / Minimum Rays to Continue
This setting sets a minimum number of tracked marker rays required for a 3D point to be reconstructed. In other words, this is the required number of calibrated cameras that need to see the marker. Increasing the minimum ray count may prevent extraneous reconstructions, and decreasing it may prevent marker occlusions from not enough cameras seeing markers. In general, modifying this is recommended only for high camera count setups.
More Settings
The Live Pipeline settings doesn't have to be modified for most tracking applications. There are other reconstruction setting that can be adjusted to improve the acquisition of 3D data. For detailed description of each setting, read through the Application Settings: Live Pipeline page or refer to the corresponding tooltips.
Real-time Solve
Motive performs real-time reconstruction of 3D coordinates directly from either captured or recorded 2D data. When Motive is live-processing the data, you can examine the marker rays from the viewport, inspect the Live-Pipeline settings, and optimize the 3D data acquisition.
There are two modes where Motive is reconstructing 3D data in real-time:
Live mode (Live 2D data capture)
2D mode (Recorded 2D data)
Live Mode
In the Live Mode, Motive is Live processing the data from captured 2D frames to obtain 3D tracking data in real-time, and you can inspect and monitor the marker rays from the 3D viewport. Any changes to the Live Pipeline (Solver/Camera) settings under the Application Settings will be reflected immediately in the Live mode.
2D Mode
The 2D Mode is used to monitor 2D data in the post-processing of a captured Take. When a capture is recorded in Motive, both 2D camera data and reconstructed 3D data are saved into a Take file, and by default, the 3D data gets loaded first when a recorded Take file is opened.
Recorded 3D data contains only the 3D coordinates that were live-reconstructed at the moment of capture; in other words, this data is completely independent of the 2D data once recording has been made. You can still, however, view and use the recorded 2D data to optimize the solver parameters and reconstruct a fresh set of 3D data from it. To do so, you need to switch into the 2D Mode in the Data pane.
In 2D Mode, Motive is reconstructing in real-time from recorded 2D data; using the reconstruction/solver settings that were configured in the Application Settings at the time of recording; Settings are saved under the properties of the corresponding TAK file. Please note that reconstruction/solver settings from the TAK properties get applied for post-processing, instead of the settings from the application settings panel. When in 2D Mode while editing a TAK file, any changes to the reconstruction/solver settings under TAK properties will be reflected in how the 3D reconstructions are solved, in real-time.
Switching to 2D Mode
Applying changes to 3D data
Once the reconstruction/solver settings have been adjusted and optimized on recorded data, the post-processing reconstruction pipeline needs to be performed on the Take in order to reconstruct a new set of 3D data. Here, note that the existing 3D data will get overwritten and all of the post-processing edits on it will be discarded.
Post-Processing Reconstruction
The post-processing reconstruction pipeline allows you to convert 2D data from recorded Take into 3D data. In other words, you can obtain a fresh set of 3D data from recorded 2D camera frames by performing reconstruction on a Take. Also, if any of the Point Cloud reconstruction parameters have been optimized post-capture, the changes will be reflected on the newly obtained 3D data.
Performing post-processing reconstruction. To perform post-processing reconstruction, open the Data pane, select desired Takes, Right-click on the Take selection, and use either the Reconstruct pipeline or the Reconstruct and Auto-label pipeline from the context menu.
Camera Filter Settings In Edit mode, 2D camera filters can still be modified from the tracking group properties in the Devices pane. Modified filter settings will change which markers in the recorded 2D data gets processed through the Live Pipeline engine.
Solver/Reconstruction Settings When you perform post-processing reconstruction on a recorded Take(s), a new set of 3D data will be reconstructed from the filtered 2D camera data. In this step, the solver settings defined under corresponding Take properties in the Properties pane will be used. Note that the reconstruction properties under the Application Settings are for the Live capture systems only.
Reconstruct and Auto-label, will additionally apply the auto-labeling pipeline on the obtained 3D data and label any markers that associate with existing asset (Rigid Body or Skeleton) definitions. The auto-labeling pipeline will be explained more on the Labeling page.
Post-processing reconstruction can be performed either on an entire Take frame range or only within desired frame range by selecting the range under the Control Deck or in the Graph pane. When nothing is selected, reconstruction will be applied to all frames.
Entire frames of multiple Takes can be selected and processed altogether by selecting desired Takes under the Data pane.
Reconstructing recorded Takes again either by Reconstruct or Reconstruct and Auto-label pipeline will completely overwrite existing 3D data, and any post-processing edits on trajectories and marker labels will be discarded.
Also, for Takes involving Skeleton assets, if the Skeletons are never in well-trackable poses throughout the captured Take, the recorded Skeleton marker labels, which were intact during the live capture, may be discarded, and reconstructed markers may not be auto-labeled again. This is another reason why you want to start a capture with a calibration pose (e.g. T-pose).
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