# Baseline Markerset
There are total eight different Baseline markersets in Motive, and among these markersets, many of the marker locations are shared. In particular, the Baseline (37) markerset serves as a stating point for the other Baseline markersets. When attaching the markers, you should reference the skeleton avatar from the Skeleton Pane for relative locations. The following charts and pages provide additional descriptions to where each marker should be placed, find related markers or click on one of the baseline markerset pages for specific placement descriptions.
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List of Baseline Markerset
* Baseline (37)
* Baseline + Hinged Toe (41)
* Baseline + Hinged Toe, with Headband (41)
* Baseline + Hinged Toe + Fingers (49)
* Baseline + 13 Additional Markers (50)
* Baseline Upper Body (25)
* Baseline Upper Body + Fingers (33)
* Baseline Lower Body (20)
Asymmetry
Asymmetry is the key to avoiding the congruency for tracking multiple markersets. When there are more than one similar marker arrangements in the volume, marker labels may be confused. Thus, it is beneficial to place segment makers — joint markers must always be placed on anatomical landmarks — in asymmetrical positions for similar rigid bodies and skeletal segments. This provides a clear distinction between two similar arrangements. Furthermore, avoid placing markers in a symmetrical shape within the segment as well. For example, a perfect square marker arrangement will have ambiguous orientation and frequent mislabels may occur throughout the capture. Instead, follow the rule of thumb of placing the less critical markers in asymmetrical arrangements.
## Baseline Markers
Front view of the Baseline (37) markerset.
Back view of the Baseline (37) markerset.
## Head Markers
| Label | Related Segment | Description |
| --------- | --------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| HeadTop | Head | Place the marker on the head tip. |
| HeadFront | Head | Place the marker at the center of the forehead. |
| HeadSide | Head | Place the marker on the either side of the head, slightly above the ear. When capturing multiple actors with similar proportions, place the marker on opposite side for clearer distinction. |
## Torso Markers
| Label | Related Segment | Description |
| --------- | --------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| BackTop | Torso | Place the marker on the spine right below the neck. For best results, LUArmHigh-LShoulderBack-BackTop-RshoulderBack-RUArmHigh markers should align roughly in a straight line when the actor is in T-pose. |
| Chest | Torso | Place the marker at the center of the sternum, about 5 cm below where the neck starts. |
| BackLeft | Torso | These two markers are located symmetrically on each side of the back, slightly below the lowest end of the shoulder blade (scapular bone). |
| BackRight | Torso | |
## Waist Markers
Note that the waist markers are the key markers in modeling the pelvis bone, which is the major segment governing the other subsequent skeleton segments. For best results, avoid placing the waist markers in a rectangle shape. When tracking multiple actors with similar proportions, introduce an offset to one of the WaistBack marker, or the WaistCMarker (included only with the 13 additional markerset), to create an asymmetrical arrangements.
| Label | Related Segment | Description |
| ----------- | --------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| WaistLFront | Pelvis | Placed the marker on the protruding bone located on the front of the pelvis (left/right anterior iliac spine bone). The prominence can be palpated from left and right side of the waist. |
| WaistRFront | Pelvis | |
| WaistLBack | Pelvis | Place the WaistLBack and WaistRBack markers above left/right hip; about 10 cm above the hip joint. |
| WaistRBack | Pelvis | |
## Shoulder Markers
When placing the shoulder markers, ask the actor to stand in the T-pose in order to place the markers on accurate locations. It could also be helpful to ask the actor to do few rounds of arm abduction and adduction to palpate for the shoulder axis. These markers determine the width of the shoulder and respective relationship with the upper arm segment.
| Label | Related Segment | Description |
| ------------- | --------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| LShoulderBack | Shoulder | Place the marker on the shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint) on the back. |
| RShoulderBack | Shoulder | |
| LShoulderTop | Shoulder | Place the marker at the top of each shoulder where you can palpate the protruding bone, which is usually located just before where the upper arm start when in T-pose. More specifically, the prominence is on the distal end of the clavicle bone (acrominoclavicular joint). |
| RShoulderTop | Shoulder | |
## Arm Markers
| Label | Related Segment | Description |
| --------- | --------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| LElbowOut | Upper Arm | Place the marker on the lateral side of the elbow joint, slightly towards the upper arm. More specifically, on the lateral epicondyle of the distal end of the humerous. Ask the actor to flex and extend the arm few times to confirm that markers are placed along the elbow axis and maintain stationary throughout the range of motion cycles. |
| RElbowOut | Upper Arm | |
| LUArmHigh | Upper Arm | Place the marker on the back of the upper arm near the groove between the triceps. For best results, LUArmHigh, LShoulderBack, BackTop, RshoulderNack, and RUArmHigh should align roughly in a straight line when in T-pose. |
| RUArmHigh | Upper Arm | |
## Hand Markers
For best results, place the hand markers so that the shape of the marker arrangement is asymmetrical itself and also unique to the shape on the other hand. Since the wrist marker placement is fixed along the wrist axis, offset the HandOut or the HandIn markers to create the unique arrangements. For more robust and simple tracking, hand rigid-bodies can be attached on the hand to replace the markers and guarantee the asymmetrical and non-deforming marker placement.
| Label | Related Segment | Description |
| --------- | --------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| LWristOut | Fore Arm / Hand | Place the marker on the outside (lateral side) of the wrist axis. (distal end of the radius bone). Note that the wrist axis is not always located on the protruding bone but 1-2 cm more towards the hand. |
| RWristOut | Fore Arm / Hand | |
| LWristIn | Fore Arm / Hand | Place the marker on the inner prominence (medial side) of the wrist axis (distal end of the ulnar bone). |
| RWristIn | Fore Arm / Hand | |
| LHandOut | Hand | Place the marker slightly below the pinky knuckle. More specifically, between distal end of the fifth and fourth mertacarpal bones. |
| RHandOut | Hand | |
## Leg Markers
| Label | Related Segment | Description |
| ----------- | --------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| LThighFront | Upper Leg | Place the marker on the front side of the thigh, along the midline. For best results, slightly offset the height of the left and right markers to introduce the asymmetry. |
| RThighFront | Upper Leg | |
| LKneeOut | Upper Leg | Place the marker on the outter prominence of the knee joint; on the lateral epicondyle of the femur. Palpate the knee for the protruding bone from the upper leg, and place it right on the axis. Ask the actor to flex and extend the knee few times to confirm that the markers are placed along the axis and maintain stationary throughout the range of motion cycles. |
| RKneeOut | Upper Leg | |
| LShin | Lower Leg | Place the marker on the shin bone; on the midline of the lower leg. For best results, slightly offset the height of the left and right markers to introduce the asymmetry. |
| RShin | Lower Leg | |
## Foot Markers
| Label | Related Segment | Description |
| --------- | --------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| LAnkleOut | Lower Leg/Foot | Place the marker on the protruding bone outside of the ankle joint; on the lateral end of the malleolus bone. |
| RAnkleOut | Lower Leg/Foot | |
| LToeOut | Foot | Place the marker just before the little toe joint; on the distal end of the fifth metatarsal bone. |
| RToeOut | Foot | |
| LToeIn | Foot | Place the marker just before the big toe joint; on the distal end of the first metatarsal bone. |
| RToeIn | Foot | |
## **Additional Markers**
Higher count markersets have extra markers added to the Baseline (37) markerset. Hinged toe markersets have two extra markers on each foot to show bending in the tip of the foot. Finger markersets have extra markers on the hand for estimating the finger pose. The upper body and lower body markersets use same marker placements but only on one half of the body.
### Hinged Toe Markers
Hinged toe markersets create toe segments in the skeleton. Two additional markers are added to each foot, one on the toe-tip and another on the heel. The hinged toe markers are included in all baseline markersets except for Baseline (37) and Upper Body markersets.
| Label | Related Segment | Description |
| ------- | --------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| LHeel | Foot | Place at the center of the heel. |
| RHeel | Foot | |
| LToeTip | Toe | Place the marker on the tip of the second toe; next to the big toe. |
| RToeTip | Toe | |
### Hand + Finger Markers
Finger markersets include extra markers on the fingers, and the finger tracking is done by analyzing the kinematics of the hand and estimating the pose of each finger. The WristIn marker is removed and replaced by a forearm marker. Attaching finger markers uses mocap Velcro gloves and hand markers, which can be found from our webstore.
| Label | Related Segment | Description |
| --------- | --------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| LFArm | Forearm | Place the marker on the front side of the forearm while in T-pose. For best results, slightly offset the left and right forearm markers to introduce the asymmetry on each side. |
| RFArm | Forearm | |
| LWristOut | Fore Arm / Hand | This marker is not included in the finger markersets. Place the marker on the outside (lateral side) of the wrist axis. (distal end of the radius bone). Note that the wrist axis is not always located on the protruding bone but 1-2 cm more towards the hand. |
| RWristOut | Fore Arm / Hand | |
| LThumb | Hand | Place the marker on the side of the thumb joint. |
| RThumb | Hand | |
| LIndex | Hand | Place the marker on the side of the index finger joint (proximal interphalangeal joint). |
| RIndex | Hand | |
| LPinky | Hand | Place the marker on the side of the pinky finger joint (proximal interphalangeal joint). |
| RPinky | Hand | |
| LHandIn | Hand | Place the marker on the knuckle of the index finger, but slightly towards the side. |
| RHandIn | Hand | |
| LHandOut | Hand | Place the marker on the knuckle of the pinky finger, but slightly towards the side. |
| RHandOut | Hand | |
### Additional Markers in the Baseline (50)
n this marker set, there are multiple additional markers added to the Baseline (37). The marker placement can be found in the Skeleton Pane. The following chart provides additional explanations on the marker locations.
| Label | Related Segment | Description |
| ---------- | --------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| HeadLeft | Head | Included in place of the *HeadSide* marker. Place the marker on the left side of the head, slight above the ear. For best tracking results, place either the HeadLeft marker or the HeadRight marker slightly further behind the ear in order to introduce more distinct asymmetry to left and right side. |
| HeadRight | Head | Included in place of the *HeadSide* marker. Place the marker on the right side of the head, slightly above the ear. See above descriptions for the HeadLeft marker for comments on the asymmetry. |
| ChestTop | Torso | Included in place of the *Chest* marker. Place the marker at the center of the chest (sternum); approximately 5 cm below where the neck starts. |
| ChestLow | Torso | Included in place of the *Chest* marker. Place the marker where bottom of the two rib cages conjoin; the lowest end of the sternum (xiphoid process). |
| WaistCBack | Pelvis | Place the marker about 5 cm above the pelvis bone, near the center of the waist back (on the spine) with a slight offset towards the right (or left). This is usually located slightly above one of the dimples located on the waist back (posterior iliac spine bone). |
| LFArm | Fore Arm | Place the marker on the front side of the forearm while in T-pose. For best results, slightly offset the left and right forearm markers to introduce the asymmetry on each side. |
| RFArm | Fore Arm | |
| LHandIn | Hand | Place the marker below the knuckle of the index finger. |
| RHandIn | Hand | |
| LThighSide | Upper Leg | Place the marker on the lateral side of the thigh. Ideally, L/R ThighSide, L/R KneeOut, and L/R AnkleOut markers should be aligned roughly in a straight line. |
| RThighSide | Upper Leg | |
### Headband Markers
When a headband — instead of the mocap beanie — is used to place the head markers, the HeadTop marker is removed and an extra HeadSide marker is added.
| Label | Related Segment | Description |
| --------- | --------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| HeadFront | Head | Place the marker at the center of the forehead. |
| HeadLeft | Head | Place the marker on the left side of the headband, slightly above the ear. |
| HeadRight | Head | Place the marker on the right side of the head, slight above the ear. For best results, try to place the side markers in an asymmetrical arrangement and avoid creating isosceles triangle from the three markers. |
